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Pugachenkova, found there two ivory chess pieces which archeologists think belong to a set from the time of the Kushan kingdom. The expedition from the U zbek Academy of Sciences, headed by Professor G. Yet archeologists have established that chess is another four centuries older after excava tions on the site of the ancient settlement of Dalverzin-Tepeh in Central A sia.
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I ,500 years is a very respecta ble age. This view was supported by Professor eminent scientists: Murrey (Britain), the Dutch re searcher Linde, the German his torian Bachman, and other specialists. Until recently people thought that the game emerged about I ,500 years ago. India, it is common knowledge, is the birthplace of chess. However, research in recent years has shown that chess was already known in old Rus, when the Tatar-Mongolian invasion began. For some time it was opined that the Russians became ac quainted with chess during the Tatar-Mongolian invasions, and this view was supported in a number of books on the history of chess published both in Russia and other countries. New rules resembling the modern ones were introduced : the Queen was given greater mobility, a Pawn could advance two squares in the open ing move, and castling became possible. Over the l 3- 1 4th centuries shat ranj was reformed to make the play more dynamic. Somewhat later shatranj appeared in Europe, making its way there through the Mediterra nean states. It was in the form of shatranj that chess arrived in Rus from the East. In shatranj two opponents com peted, and the outcome was no longer settled by fate (a throw of the dice) but by the powers of logic and the resourcefulness of the players. This game, judging by historical sources, emerged in an Arabian caliphate. The next step in the develop ment of chess was shatranj the ancient chaturanga transformed in the seventh and eighth cen turies. The aim of the game was to destroy the opponents' pieces, and the pieces were moved according to the throw of the dice. Them with an army in four parts : elephants, horses, chariots and infantry. Les too work is viewed as an important factor but more inci. Glory of the Russian pioneers Chigorin, Alekhine, Botvinnik and their successors. Is permissibl e in order to get an additional day of rest. Of energy in every game, with out any compromise. In the thirties many peopl e warnedĬhess due to draws, For u s i n the West the term To a cer tain extent it means the rescue of chess in its present state, with its present rules. Zubovsky Boulevard, Moscow, USSR.Įnglish translation © Raduga Pub lishers 1982 Printed in the Union of Soviet Social ist RepublicsĬhapter I. Raduga Publishers would be glad to have your opinion of this book, its translation and design and any suggestions you may have for future publications.
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Translated from the Russian by Lev Kurilov Designed by IO.QOBH'I, Me)K.QyHapo.QHbiH MacTep maxMaTbl B CCCP INTERNATIONAL GRANDMASTER INTERNATIONAL MASTERĪ.
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The authors study the style of play and the games of the best Soviet chess players and examine the creative legacy of the great Russian masters of the past. Kotov and Yudovich trace the emergence of the Soviet Union as the country of classic chess, and elaborate the special features of the Soviet chess school. The names of grandmasters Mikhail Botvinnik, Vassily Smyslov, Tigran Petrosyan, Mikhail Tal, Boris Spassky, Anatoly Karpov, Nona Gaprindashvili, Maya Chiburdanidze and other Soviet chess players are famous throughout the world. They include 80 international grandmasters, 112 international masters, about 800 masters, and tens of thousands of candidate masters and first-category players. There are more than four million chess players in the Soviet Union.